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Month: April 2023
Washington State Legislature Passes Health Data Privacy Law
The Washington State Legislature finalized passage Monday of the My Health My Data Act (MHMDA), the first state-level health data bill of its kind in the U.S. The bill now heads to Governor Jay Inslee’s desk for his signature to become law.
The MHMDA includes several strong provisions to protect consumer health data. In addition to requiring companies to obtain an individual’s express consent to collect, share or sell their health information, the bill also establishes consumer data rights to access and delete that information and to withdraw consent. MHMDA also requires detailed health data privacy policies and prohibits geofencing around certain health care locations. The Act can be enforced by both the Washington Attorney General’s Office and by individuals through a private right of action.
Notably, the scope of “consumer health data” covered by the MHMDA is fairly broad, defined as “personal information that is linked or reasonably linkable to a consumer and that identifies the consumer’s past, present, or future physical or mental health status.” The definition goes on to list examples like prescription medications, diagnoses and health conditions, biometric data, and location information that would indicate a consumer’s attempt to receive health services, among other examples.
The passage of the MHMDA echoes recent momentum at the federal level concerning the protection of personal health data, including FTC enforcement actions and proposed legislation addressing health data security and privacy issues beyond the scope of HIPAA.
If MHMDA becomes law, the law would gradually take effect between this summer and June 2024.
Love Letters For A Thoughtful Valentine’s Day
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Data Minimization: Centering Reasonable Consumer Expectation in the FTC’s Commercial Surveillance Rulemaking
We face a data privacy crisis in the United States. Unrestricted data collection has eroded consumer privacy. Consumers are surveilled through constant monitoring, profiling, and targeting online. The absence of a comprehensive privacy legislation or regulation has allowed data-driven abuses and harms to flourish. For two decades, online firms have been allowed to collect and commodify every bit of consumer data, depriving consumers of control over their personal information, heightening security risks, and leading to data misuse, the loss of autonomy, manipulation, and discrimination.
The excessive data collection and processing that fuels commercial surveillance systems is inconsistent with the expectations of consumers, who reasonably believe that the companies they interact with will safeguard their personal information. These exploitative practices don’t have to continue. The Federal Trade Commission has the authority to usher in a better, fairer future by requiring that businesses only collect, process, retain, and transfer personal data consistent with the reasonable expectations of consumers and to the extent reasonably necessary to provide the goods or services that consumers request.
Data Minimization
Consumers are persistently tracked online and subjected to far-reaching data collection. Often, data processing is “not directly in service of fulfilling a consumer’s request,” including out-of-context secondary uses of data that regularly exceed the scope of reasonable consumer expectations. Not only is this data collection and use harmful in itself, but it also necessarily subjects consumers to downstream security risks and privacy harms. The unfair, systemic overcollection and misuse of personal data leads to “invasive, discriminatory targeting that violates the privacy and autonomy of consumers.”
When consumers interact with a business online, they reasonably expect that their data will be collected and used for the limited purpose and duration necessary to provide the goods or services that they requested. For example, a consumer using a map application to obtain directions would not reasonably expect that their precise location data would be disclosed to third parties and combined with other data to profile them. And indeed, providing this service does not requireselling, sharing, processing, or strong consumer data for an unrelated secondary purpose. Yet these business practices are widespread. Nearly every online interaction can be tracked and cataloged to build and enhance detailed profiles and retarget consumers. Even offline, credit card purchases, physical movements, and “smart” devices in homes create countless data points that are logged and tracked without consumer awareness or control. This data collection and surveillance can reveal or infer sensitive details about consumers. As EPIC has previously outlined, these extremely detailed profiles “can alter what we see, what prices we pay, and whether we are able to find the information that we seek online (including information about job opportunities, health services, and relationships).” The overcollection of consumer data can exacerbate the harm of security incidents and breaches, and consumers can also suffer privacy harms that range from economic and autonomy harm to psychological injury and reputational damage.
Although the FTC has brought a number of key privacy and data security…
Gold Mining | Homesteading Skills | Homesteading Simple Self Sufficient Off-The-Grid
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NEW ICE Privacy Impact Assessment Shows All the Way the Agency Fails to Protect Immigrants’ Privacy
DHS’s Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (ICE) proudly proclaimed its “first-ever Alternatives to Detention Privacy Impact Assessment”, bragging about the release of a document that the agency should have produced twenty years ago at the start of the so-called Alternatives to Detention (ATD) program. But the PIA that ICE produced is not just decades late, it is substantively deficient, likely wrong about key facts, and already outdated. This PIA process reflects the behavior of an agency that does what it wants and seeks justifications later.
Background
To start, we need to recognize that ICE is an agency with a continuing history of unauthorized and abusive practices. This month alone, two major stories about ICE’s bad behavior broke. According to Wired, the agency is using administrative subpoenas, a tool meant to pursue customs violators, to request information from “elementary schools, news organizations, and abortion clinics”. And a database of ICE’s internal investigations demonstrates how ICE agents and hired contractors regularly violate the agency’s rules on database access, allowing for stalking, wrongful surveillance and the sale of government information. That is on top of a long history of impersonating police officers, abusing immigrants in ICE detention, building a vast surveillance network of data purchased from brokers and other legally questionable means, and even detaining and deporting U.S. citizens. Any fulsome accounting for ICE’s impact on immigrants privacy and safety needs to consider that ICE agents and contractors are likely to abuse any data they have access to.
Under section 208 of the E-Government Act of 2002, every federal agency is required to produce a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) before it rolls out a “new collection of information … using information collection technology”. Agencies across the federal government routinely flaunt this requirement by doing their PIAs after they start using new technologies or initiating new collections. But no agency operates quite like ICE. For years, the agency has claimed that its Alternatives to Detention program is covered by tiny amendments to existing PIAs for other programs that failed to account for the size of the ATD program and couldn’t keep up with the technology that ICE was using.
The Alternatives to Detention program is a system of electronic monitoring technologies that ICE applies to immigrants passing through the Southern border to the U.S or arrested in the U.S. and awaiting immigration hearings, along with immigrants who have had their hearings and are awaiting deportation. The ATD program is also frequently referred to as the Intensive Supervision Appearance Program (ISAP), though there are also several small pilot programs that do not rely heavily on surveillance technology.[1] ICE claims that ATD serves as a way to keep migrants out of detention facilities while ICE keeps tabs on them, but in reality the program has become something of a default for migrants crossing the Southern border. Historically, immigrants crossing the border would be released in the U.S. without any form of monitoring. Immigrants released without tracking reliably show up for…
Building a Dedicated .22 Small Game Rifle
I have been looking for a dedicated .22 Long Rifle (LR) small game rifle built along the lines of a target rifle. If I ever have to feed myself using a .22 rifle I want one that is heavier than normal for stability, is significantly more accurate than most factory rifles, has good optics and a good trigger, is easier to clean and maintain, can be cleaned from the chamber end of the barrel, fits my adult size well, takes a detachable magazine, has a conventional stock, and will always work. It must have practical accuracy as well as mechanical accuracy.
Firearms are tools. I wanted this one to be a great tool that will enable me to cleanly and ethically take small game such as rabbits and squirrels home for dinner. Raccoons, fox, marmots, bobcats, and coyotes should be within its capabilities with proper shot placement.
The choice of caliber is part of the appeal of this type of rifle. Ammo availability is very good, although prices have gone up recently. You may need to try several different brands of ammo since some rifles show definite accuracy preferences. Once you find the most accurate brand for your particular rifle you can stock up on that ammo. Even if your rifle winds up being picky about the most accurate ammo it should still shoot almost any ammo you come across, just not quite as accurately.
From a logistics standpoint, you can carry hundreds of 22 rounds in the space taken up by just a few big game centerfire or shotgun cartridges. Consider the weight of a single shotgun shell used to take one squirrel vs. the number of .22 cartridges you can carry for that same weight, each having the possibility of taking a squirrel. The .22 Long Rifle cartridge is time and field tested, relatively quiet, and the recoil is almost nonexistent. If needed it would be an excellent training rifle.
After a lot of looking, I could not find exactly what I had in mind. I had been thinking along the lines of a very accurate adult-sized bolt action rifle with a Match chamber and a solid way of mounting the scope. Having said that, I was not averse to a reliable semi-automatic rifle if it met the accuracy and scope mounting requirements.
I found that most bolt action repeaters came with standard chambers and could not easily be fitted with a Match barrel. I did find a few very nice rifles that looked great to me but the prices, even used, were simply too high. I learned that a true .22 Match chamber would not always accept some standard .22 ammunition due to the very tight and short chamber. This was a big negative to me and made me reconsider my requirements. A chamber somewhere in between a standard and a Match chamber would be a plus if it would work with most standard .22 cartridges.
I started to look at some semiautomatic rifles but the factory…
Plant Leaves Turning Yellow? | Homesteading Simple Self Sufficient Off-The-Grid
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It’s Not Paranoid to Worry about a Central Bank Digital Currency
In a recent NYT column, economist Paul Krugman mocks Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, who warned that a central bank digital currency (CBDC) would give the government too much power over Americans. Specifically, DeSantis argued that the feds could use a CBDC to further implement the “woke” agenda, penalizing Floridians if they bought too much gas or guns.
Human Action Podcast: Krugman Says It’s Paranoid to Worry About a Fed Digital Currency with Robert Murphy and Jonathan Newman
Krugman ridiculed the very notion that a CBDC might threaten civil liberties:
If this sounds crazy, that’s because it is. I have no idea whether DeSantis believes any of it, or even knows what a central bank digital currency is or what it would do (more on that later). And it’s possible that he’s taking this stand out of general paranoia.
But Krugman doesn’t actually think it’s mere paranoia that explains DeSantis’ opposition to a Fed-issued CBDC. Instead, Krugman thinks big Republican donors are currently benefiting from using anonymous currency as a way to shield their nefarious schemes. As Krugman concludes his column:
[These considerations] tells us what DeSantis’s attack on central bank digital currency would actually do. It wouldn’t protect the rights of Floridians to buy gas or guns; instead, it would protect the ability of wiseguys to evade taxes, launder money, buy and sell illegal drugs, and engage in extortion.
But hey, I guess thinking that money laundering and extortion are bad things is just another example of the wokeness that DeSantis is trying to kill.
As usual, Krugman’s smug attacks fall apart under scrutiny. For starters, my academic colleague Jonathan Newman pointed out that the Fed study Krugman linked to from his column, actually discussed the possible privacy dangers from a CBDC! As the Fed study put it:
In other words, it’s not just Ron DeSantis who realizes a CBDC could abuse citizens’ privacy—the Federal Reserve does too.
Beyond that, we have seen in recent history how monetary freedom can be violated in the pursuit of political objectives. For example, the Canadian government froze the funds of the Canadian truckers protesting Covid policies, and many Americans saw their donations likewise thwarted.
The practice of “civil asset forfeiture” also provides a grim warning of what could happen with a CBDC. Over the years, there have been many cases of motorists being pulled over for a routine traffic stop, where the police seize thousands of dollars in cash and then hold it until the driver can—months later—prove he’s not a drug dealer. For example, Phoenix businessman Jerry Johnson had $39,500 in cash which he was using to buy a truck, but police seized it at the airport. Johnson eventually got his money back, two and a half years later, even though he had never been charged with a crime, let alone convicted.
With the framework of civil asset forfeiture in mind, suppose the Federal Reserve implements a CBDC. All transactions would be held on the Fed’s ledger, where AI bots could look for “suspicious”…
Appetizers For Game Day | Homesteading Tips | Homesteading Simple Self Sufficient Off-The-Grid
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